Methods & Concepts


Gas Bubble Concept



Gas_Bubble_Concept




Dynamic Volumetric Method



Well Control - Dynamic Volumetric Method

 

See at Youtube: http://youtu.be/20LkKA2ntt8

MVD_En.001

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MVD_En.019
MVD_En.020
MVD_En.021
MVD_En.022
MVD_En.023

Use our apps to practice this method:

for iPhone and iPod Touch for iPad
WCS1_320 WCS2_320
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for iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad


WC Choke Panel drillsim2_512
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DrillSim3_320

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Data Files



Data Files

These slides are for the App "Drilling Simulator 2" but can be used to understand how to work with data files in other apps from our portfolio.

Portfolio on the App Store

Data_File_01

Data_File_02

Data_File_03

Data_File_04

Data_File_05

Data_File_06

Data_File_07

Data_File_08

Data_File_08

Data_File_10



Unit Systems & Formulas



 Unit Systems

Select units per Unit System:
METRIC, SI or OILFIELD


or per parameter.


Note about Gravity value used in the hydrostatic
calculations:


Hydrostatic Pressure (Pa)

= Gravity (m/s2) x Density (kg/m3) x Height (m)


This app uses the value Gravity = 9.80665 m/s2


—> Hydrostatic Pressure (Pa)

= 9.80665 x Density (kg/m3) x Height (m)


—> Hydrostatic Pressure (psi)

= 0.051948 x Density (ppg) x Height (ft)

unit_system

wcmethods2_10_iPad_19





ICP on deepwater



Well Control - Initial Circulating Pressure on deepwater

ICP_on_deepwater_001

On deepwater drilling, the subsea bop stack is installed at the well head (on sea bed). In kick condition, the BOP is closed and the flux is deviated to the choke at surface through the choke line. This line has a diameter normally of 3 inches and the frictional pressure losses will increase the pressure at shoe depth. This is a big problem on deepwater wells due to the formation pressure be fragile.


A method to compensate the choke line friction is to decrease the initial choke pressure of this value, monitoring the annulus pressure at the kill pressure gauge instead the choke pressure gauge when bringing the mud pump to slow circulation rate, like on a surface bop well control, and adjusting the choke to set the drill pipe pressure equal to the Initial Circulating Pressure (ICP) calculated by the formula ICP = SIDPP (Shut-in Drill Pipe Pressure) + Pump Pressure @ slow circulating rate when circulating through the drill string with return to the riser.


Some questions:


  1. Why to use the pump pressure with return to the riser if the circulation of the kick is with return to the choke?
  2. Why to set the choke fully open during the circulation to record the choke line friction?
  3. etc.


The answers for these questions are in the calculations in the next slides.


ICP_on_deepwater_002

ICP_on_deepwater_004

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ICP_on_deepwater_013

ICP_on_deepwater_014

ICP_on_deepwater_015

ICP_on_deepwater_016

ICP_on_deepwater_017

Video on youtube:  


Visit our Portfolio on the App Store for more Oil & Gas apps for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and Mac OS X.

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Visit our website for more Oil & Gas apps for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and Mac OS X.

 

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Kick Tolerance as ρKT Concept



Kick Tolerance as ρKT Concept

This is a chapter of the User Guide for iPad

(User Guide for iPhone and iPod Touch)

kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_01kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_02kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_03kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_04kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_05kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_06kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_07kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_08kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_09kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_10kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_11kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_12kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_13kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_14kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c3_15

Visit our Portfolio on the App Store

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Kick Tolerance as Max Kick Volume



Kick Tolerance as Max Kick Volume

This is a chapter of the User Guide for iPad

(User Guide for iPhone and iPod Touch

kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_01kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_02kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_03kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_04kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_05kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_06kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_07kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_08kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_09kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_10kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_11kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_12kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_13kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_14kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_15kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_16kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_20kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_21kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_17kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_18kt_for_ipad_user_guide_c4_19

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Kick Tolerance on Directional Wells



Kick Tolerance as Maximum Kick Volume

on Directional Wells

ktvol_00

ktvol_01

ktvol_13

ktvol_02

ktvol_03

ktvol_04

ktvol_05

ktvol_06

ktvol_07

ktvol_08

ktvol_09

ktvol_10

ktvol_11

ktvol_12

 

 

Mac version updated: 

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iPhone and iPad versions – new update optimized for directional wells coming soon:

 

iPhone iPad
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Volumetric Method on Directional Wells



 Well Control Volumetric Method

on Directional Wells

Volumetric_Method_01

Volumetric_Method_02

Volumetric_Method_03

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Volumetric_Method_05

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Volumetric_Method_07

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Volumetric_Method_10

Volumetric_Method_11

Volumetric_Method_12

Volumetric_Method_13

 Our Volumetric Method Apps available on the App Store

volmethod_1024

 for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad for Mac (directional support coming soon)
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Volumetric_Method_15

Volumetric_Method_16

Volumetric_Method_17

Volumetric_Method_18

Volumetric_Method_19

volmethod_11_i6_05

Volumetric_Method_20

Use our apps to practice this method:

for iPhone and iPod Touch for iPad
WCS1_320 WCS2_320
Available_on_the_App_Store_Badge_US_UK_135x40_0824 Available_on_the_App_Store_Badge_US_UK_135x40_0824

 

 

 

for iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad


WC Choke Panel drillsim2_512
Available_on_the_App_Store_Badge_US_UK_135x40_0824 Available_on_the_App_Store_Badge_US_UK_135x40_0824

 


 

 

DrillSim3_320

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Visit our Portfolio on the App Store

for more Oil & Gas apps for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and Mac OS X.

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Wait and Weight method on Directional Wells



Wait and Weight method on Directional Wells

ww_on_directional_top01

During drilling operations on oil wells, there may to occur the inflow of formation fluids into the well, which is an undesirable condition. The driller should detect such events and shut-in the well immediately and to record informations corresponding to stabilization of pressures SIDPP (Shut-in Drillpipe Pressure) and SICP (Shut-in Casing Pressure) and the volume gain. 

There are two methods more used to well control when the drill string (drill bit) is in the bottom of borehole (normally on drilling when reaches a formation with pressure bigger relative to the bottom hole pressure): The Driller's Method and the Wait and Weight Method (also named Engineer 's Method). 

The Driller's Method is performed with two circulations. The first circulation with the original fluid to circulate the influx out of well and the second circulation to fill the borehole with a new fluid. This method can be started immediately after shut-in the well.

The Wait and Weight Method is performed just with a single circulation with the new fluid, but is necessary to wait a lag time until to prepare the new fluid to start the method.

The choice of the method

The choice between these two methods is a controversial question among professionals of oil & gas, but if the rig has already the new fluid available to control the well (the hydrostatic pressure of the new fluid is equivalent to the formation pressure), the Wait and Weight method is aplied and the control will be just with a single circulation in two steps: 

Wait and Weight Method

Step 1

Replacing the original fluid in the drill string with the new fluid circulating until the drill bit. Start pump and bring the pump speed until the slow circulation rate, keeping the circulating pressure according the table "Pressure versus Pumped Strokes", starting with the Initial Circulating Pressure (ICP) and ending with the Final Circulating Pressure (FCP).

ICP = SIDPP + Circulating Pressure @ Slow Circulating Rate (recorded previously).

FCP = Pressure(@ scr) x New Fluid Density / Original Fluid Density

Vertical Wells

On vertical section, the rate "pressure drop / stroke" is constant and the calculations can be made in 10 steps.

ww_table

ww_graph_vert

Directional Wells

On deviated section, starting on Kick-Off Point (KOP), the rate "pressure drop / stroke" is not constant. The calculations will consider the steps by 100 strokes each.

ww_direc_calcs

ww_dir_table_calcs

ww_graph_dir2

Step 2

Continue the circulation with the new fluid to fill the all annular until the surface keeping the circulating pressure constant equal to FCP - Final Circulating Pressure. 

Operational Limits


It is very important to monitor operational limits during the circulation to avoid fracture of the formation, usually at the shoe depth of the last casing.

The advantage of the "Wait and Weight" method is to provide a lower resultant pressure at the shoe depth before the gas reaches the shoe depth, that is, when the new fluid passes through the drill bit, increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the annulus before of the gas to reach the shoe depth.

ww_limits

Conclusion

The Wait and Weight method is advantageous when the rig has already the new fluid available to immediate circulation. Normally the new fluid need a lag time to be prepared. (1) On well closed, an influx of gas is moving up continuously and pressurizing the borehole all the time. (2) The calculations to control directional wells are relatively complex.


If it is not possible for the new fluid to reach the annulus before the gas reaches the shoe depth, due to (1) the lag time to prepare the new fluid or (2) the volume of the drill string is greater than the volume of the annulus above the gas until the shoe depth or (3) the difficulty to calculations on directional wells or (4) formations with low fracture pressure on deepwater for example, it is recommended choose the "Driller's Method" to start immediately after the shut-in the well, holding the circulation pressure equal to Initial Circulating Pressure until the circulation of the total volume of the annulus and to replace the fluid only in the second circulation of this method.

I hope that this simple explanation about the Wait and Wait method on directional wells helps on choicing the method most efficient.

Well Control Methods apps:

iOS and Mac

iOS ( FREE! )

iOS and Mac

iOS and Mac

iOS and Mac
Well Control Worksheets apps:

iPad ( FREE! ) Mac

iPad and Mac

iPad and Mac

iPad and Mac

Use our apps to practice this method:

for iPhone and iPod Touch for iPad
WCS1_320 WCS2_320
Available_on_the_App_Store_Badge_US_UK_135x40_0824 Available_on_the_App_Store_Badge_US_UK_135x40_0824

 

 

 

for iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad


WC Choke Panel drillsim2_512
Available_on_the_App_Store_Badge_US_UK_135x40_0824 Available_on_the_App_Store_Badge_US_UK_135x40_0824

 


 

 

DrillSim3_320

Available_on_the_App_Store_Badge_US_UK_135x40_0824

Visit our Portfolio on the App Store

for more Oil & Gas apps for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and Mac OS X.

Portfolio_2107_4x5


Visit our website for more Oil & Gas apps for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and Mac OS X.

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http://www.oilgasware.com

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